The journal of the American Academy of Medical Acupuncture with acupuncture research articles, reviews, abstracts and case studies.      
             
     

Medical Acupuncture
A Journal For Physicians By Physicians

Volume 13 / Number 1
"Aurum Nostrum Non Est Aurum Vulgi"

     
     
Table of Contents       On-line Journal Index
     
     

Abstracts Of Current Literature
Compiled by Russell J. Erickson, MD
1999 Acupuncture Literature Review

Part I - veterinary
1. Kudo T, Motojima M, Kitazawa K. Depression of gastric contraction by stimulation of BL 19 (Weiyu) acupoint in dogs. Am J Acupuncture. 1991;19:241-246.
Five dogs had electrogastromyogram electrodes implanted in gastric serosa. Electroacupuncture was applied to ST 36, BL 19, and LI 10 at 2 Hz for 20 minutes, 2 hours after feeding. The frequencies of basic electrical rhythm (BER) were about 4 cycles/min before electroacupuncture. Stimulation of BL 19, but not LI 10, decreased the BER statistically more rapidly than in controls. The duration of action potential burst, representing gastric contraction, was shortened by BL 19 (decreased peristole and vomiting poten-tial), but lengthened by LI 10. This suggests that LI 10 stimulation enhances gastric contractions; ST 36 caused no significant change from the control.

Part II - PAIN
1. Wang Z, Wang D. Scalp acupuncture with movement in treatment of headache: an observation of 181 cases. World J Acupuncture Moxibustion. 2000;10:17-20.
Ninety-seven men and 84 women ranging in age from 17 to 61 years were included. All had headache from varied causes; 32 had recurrences in less than 1 month, the rest from 1 month to 8 years. Needling was down 1 cun from GV 24, 0.25 cun to each side of the meridian plus a line 0.5 cun to each side of GV 20 to 21 and 0.5 cun to both sides of the line from GV 20 to 17. Lift and thrust with small amplitude is used. Some additions are made dependent on headache location, and an assistant presses on any Ashi points. The patient relaxes and concentrates on Dantian. After 1 to 3 courses (assume 10 treatments per course), 135 (74%) had no recurrence for 1 year. The instant therapeutic effect was also good, with headache cessation in 164 patients. Active and passive movement of the Ashi ("suffering") area enhances the effect. Inhaling and exhaling toward Dantian by the patient, and local massage and tapping by the assistant is involved.

2. Li M. Clinical observation on postherpetic neuralgia of HIV carriers treated with arranged electro-acupuncture. World J Acupuncture Moxibustion. 2000;10:51-53.
Herpes zoster in HIV carriers tends to cause large, dense blisters and ulcers, often followed by prolonged neuralgia. Sixty such patients in Zambia were treated with acupuncture and compared to 30 treated with medications. Neuralgia symptoms were present 1 week to 1 year. Three needles were placed along the rib above, and the rib below, the actual painful area. Continued wave electroacupuncture was used. Two courses of 10 daily treatments (30 minutes) were given. Controls were given a pain medication. A 6-point rating scale was used, from 1 for no pain, to grade 6 with pain so severe all activity is discontinued. Pain prior to therapy had been from level 3 to 5 in both groups. Pain dropped to grade 1 in 77% of the acupuncture group and 20% of the medication group. Of 10 acupuncture patients followed up for 1 month, only 1 experienced herpes outbreak recurrence. Of 5 medicated patients, 2 had herpes outbreak recurrence.

3. Wu C. Cervical spondylosis treated by puncturing triple neck points. Int J Clin Acupuncture. 2000;11:43-46.
Ninety intervention patients were treated over a 5-year period and their outcomes were compared to the results of 48 control patients. Symptoms were present from 1 month to 16 years. Neck muscles were stiff with limited movement and pain radiating to the affected arm. GV 14 and bilateral Bailao (EX-HN 15) were the main points. Others as indicated included SI 11, 3, LI 4, 11, 14, and/or SJ 5. For the control group, paravertebral Jiaji were needled. Electroacupuncture at 120-160 Hz was used, followed by cupping at the neck. Two courses of 10 daily treatments were given with a 3-day rest. Fifty-seven percent of the treated group had symptom resolution and returned to work vs 40% of the Jiaji group, with an additional 41% and 48%, respectively, effectively better.

4. Long W. Acupuncture treatment of acute lumbar sprain: a controlled study of 238 patients. Int J Clin Acupuncture. 2000; 11:61-64.
Patients had sudden and excruciating low back pain. If inadequately treated, many might go on to have chronic pain and disability. A treatment group of 112 was randomly chosen (method not noted), and SI 6 needled rapidly with twisting and the needle left in 20 minutes while the patient moved. The Ashi point was then needled after the acute pain had been dispersed (usual), then moxibustion given over the Ashi. A control group of 126 patients had lumbar acupoints, usually L2-4 area, needled on the pain side and
Ashi needled. Moxibustion was used after withdrawal. Alternate lower extremity points were also used. The control group responded faster (67%) in 1 treatment, 21%
more in the 2nd), with the SI 6 treatment peaking in response at the 3rd treatment (61%). All in both groups who sought treatment within a few days responded within 5 treatments, but those who delayed often required more intervention.
Comment: This is a rarity in Chinese acupuncture articles, with the control more effective than the appointed treatment.

5. Berman BM, Ezzo J, Hadhazy V, Swyers JP. Is acupuncture effective in the treatment of fibromyalgia? J Fam Pract. 1999;48:213-218. Reviewed by K. Linde in: FACT. 2000;5:14-15.
MEDLINE, MANTIS, EMBASE, CISCOM, and Cochrane databases were searched as well as conference proceedings and citations for acupuncture and fibromyalgia. RCTs and "quasi" RCTs were sought. Seven studies were found, only 1 of high quality methodologically. The high-quality study suggested that acupuncture was more effective than sham treatment. Duration of benefit is uncertain. A few studies reported exacerbations. The other studies tended to support these data. Booster acupuncture treatments have been suggested, without objective data. The reviewer thought inclusion of non- or poorly-formulated RCTs in such a small study group was advisable as it indicated trends.
Comment: Fibromyalgia treatment is difficult. My limited involvement indicated that monthly to quarterly booster sessions were needed to maintain the improvement. Those more astute in the art might have more clear-cut results. Addition of magnet therapy appeared beneficial in more than half my patients.

6. Wang X-S. Postoperative pain: clinical study on the use of the second metacarpal holographic points for wound pain following surgery. Am J Acupuncture. 1992;
20:119-122.

These points along the dorsoradial aspect of the second metacarpal were identified by Yingqing Zhang and have been used in more than 40,000 patients. Other long bones have similar systems with the same pattern. A figure demonstrates the points from head distally to foot proximally with organs centrally. One hundred patients who had epidural anesthesia for abdominal surgery were divided to receive analgesics (narcotic and promethazine) and acupuncture at holographic point ST or GB for surgery on the accompanying organs. All patients in the medicated group experienced relief; 41 of 50 in the acupuncture group did, likewise, in a few minutes. Five had pain relief but required
promethazine to sleep, and 4 had no relief. De Qi had to be felt for good relief.
Comment: A Western study should be done. If similar results are achieved, much in the way of adverse effects could be saved, and ST 36 could be added later to boost postoperative immune response. I had 1 patient with acute low back spasm unable to walk or stand up straight. After 3 tries of points from the Helm's course of good possible points had no effect, I added these points and most pain and the spasm resolved.

7. Chen A. Effective acupuncture therapy for cervical spondylopathy: review of recent studies and prescriptions with recommendations for improved results. Am J Acupuncture. 1991;19:205-228.
The author combines 32 years of practice with a review of 14 studies and recommendations from texts. Symptoms for the syndrome include neck pain or immobility, radiating to the shoulder and arm, and tingling or numbness of the fingers. Routines mentioned include use of GV, LI, BL, SJ and Huato-Jiaji points. Less often, LR or ST is added. The author advocates especially GV 14 (not too deeply and minimal stimulation), and LI 11, 15 for arm and shoulder pain with SJ 5 and LI 4 for tingling fingers. The cervical Huato-Jiaji are highly effective as is BL 10, a classic point. Jingbi, 1 cun above the junction of the medial 1/3 clavicle at the posterior sternocleidomastoid muscle, is often tender and gentle needling might help (Erb's point used to stimulate the brachial plexus is near it). It is good for brachial neuralgia or paralysis. Needle slow and straight 0.3 to 0.5 cun deep and not downward toward the lung. LI 17 and ST 12 can also be good points (ST 12 pressure can also be immediately effective in acute asthma). Stellate ganglion needling can be effective for severe radiating pain. The technique needed is outlined. If cervical vertigo is present, GV 14, BL 10, GB 30, 12, GV 20, 23, and Taiyang can be effective. Forty-six references are given.

Part III - GASTROINTESTINAL / GENITOURINARY
1. Raut C. The treatment of hemorrhoids by acupuncture. Am J Acupuncture. 1991;19:17-20.
Hemorrhoids indicate an excess of Yin, and the author believes a disruption in the passage between CV 1 and GV 1. Usually the entry point to Yin Qiao Mai, LU 7 and KI 6, are tender with added fullness and sensitivity at BL 56, 57. Sedate KI 6, BL 56, 57 for 1-3 minutes. Stimulate CV 1 slightly to the left and GV 1 to the right. If tender, sedate LU 6 and BL 25. At the end, sedate LU 7; PC 6 and SP 4 are sometimes treated if tender. In 10 of 12 patients, pain decreased within 20 minutes; in 2, it returned in a few hours. Half had no pain after the second treatment. Pain, pruritus, and vein congestion vanished in 8 after an unstated number of sessions.

2. Wang HH, Chang Y-H, Liu D-M. A study of the effectiveness of acupuncture analgesia for colonoscopic examination compared with conventional pre-medication. Am J Acupuncture. 1992;20:217-221.
Two hundred patients were divided randomly into age- and sex-matched study and control groups. ST 36 and 37 of the right leg were needled with raising and thrusting for 15 seconds, and the needles left in place during the procedure. Ear Shenmen points were treated with press tacks. The control patients had buscopan and meperidine hydrochloride. Colonoscopy was deemed successful in 96 of 100 medicated, and 88 of 100 with acupuncture. However, 31 acupuncture patients rated analgesia as excellent vs 13 controls, but overall discomfort appeared statistically similar for the 2 groups. Examination was completed in 18 minutes for acupuncture patients vs 16 for those medicated (not statistically significant). Intestinal motility was normal in a lower percentage of acupuncture patients, but not significantly. There was no difference in nausea, but more patients were dizzy with medication.

2. Wang HH, Chang Y-H, Liu D-M. A study of the effectiveness of acupuncture analgesia for colonoscopic examination compared with conventional pre-medication. Am J Acupuncture. 1992;20:217-221.
Two hundred patients were divided randomly into age- and sex-matched study and control groups. ST 36 and 37 of the right leg were needled with raising and thrusting for 15 seconds, and the needles left in place during the procedure. Ear Shenmen points were treated with press tacks. The control patients had buscopan and meperidine hydrochloride. Colonoscopy was deemed successful in 96 of 100 medicated, and 88 of 100 with acupuncture. However, 31 acupuncture patients rated analgesia as excellent vs 13 controls, but overall discomfort appeared statistically similar for the 2 groups. Examination was completed in 18 minutes for acupuncture patients vs 16 for those medicated (not statistically significant). Intestinal motility was normal in a lower percentage of acupuncture patients, but not significantly. There was no difference in nausea, but more patients were dizzy with medication.

3. Dale RA. Selection from the Acupuncture Comprehensive Prescription Index: treatment of kidney disorders. Am J Acupuncture. 1991;19:267-272.
The Acupuncture Comprehensive Prescription Index is a text covering treatment for
10,000 disorders. It derives from a number of ancient and modern texts plus the author's
experience. Here, he provides an example of the work with pages of formulations for varied aspects of renal disorders.

Part IV - pediatric
2. Shima M. Shonishen: Japanese pediatric acupuncture. Am J Acupuncture. 1992; 20:327-336.
Shonishen originated in the southwest of the main island of Japan several hundred years ago, with the oldest literature written by Shumo Fujii in 1736 ("Shimpo Benwaku"). It was a family secret until after World War II when Dr Mori of Osaka Acupuncture College began teaching it publicly. It is not used for critical diseases. A good practitioner-child rapport is crucial, as is lack of discomfort during therapy. Treatment is usually 2-3 times weekly for 3 months. History must include the child's emotional makeup. Facial diagnosis includes color (red-HT wind-heat, blue-Kyo syndrome of LR hyperactivity, white-LU cold, yellow-Kan syndrome of emotional hyperactivity from SP deficiency, dark-weak KI). Veins of an index finger are studied for venous congestion (pulse diagnosis being unreliable in children). Sessohoku-shin (tapping needles) are used to tap points and along meridians painlessly. Masatsu-shin or rubbing instruments are used to brush meridians. Enri-shin or press needles are used to press points without penetration of the skin. Very fine needles are also used by some to briefly and shallowly enter points, tapping in, and then withdrawing quickly. The whole body is treated before centering on a problem. Tapping or rubbing in the direction of meridian Ki (Qi) flow tonifies and against it sedates. The BL meridian is tapped superior to inferior, then rubbed to slight reddening. This is repeated for ST and GB, then for KI, SP, and LR. The abdomen is then tapped and brushed clockwise, then the chest. The arm Yang, then Yin meridians follow, with the head then tapped gently clockwise. Shonishen promotes a nurturing and healing relationship between child and practitioner. A treatment can be done safely in 10 minutes. Most patients return for periodic maintenance. Dr Shima advises on herbs for each of the denoted conditions.

Part V - miscellaneous
1. Stoyanov P, Iliev E. Recurrent herpes simplex infection from Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine viewpoints. Acupuncture Med. 1999;17:89-92.
A patient with 15 herpes outbreak recurrences per year was successfully treated. A table of herpes simplex TCM syndromes and their treatment is given, including acupuncture to immunomodulating points (GV 20, LI 4, 11, ST 36, SP 6, GV 14). Direct He-Ne laser to the herpetic lesions with density power 150 mW/cm2 for 5-minute therapies is added. Aloe vera extract, 1 mL/d, is given for 30 days. The study diet eliminated preserved foods, carbonated drinks, fatty foods, and seasonings. The authors claim an 83% response with no recurrence in 1 year. The number of patients is not given. Serum IgG and C3 levels were increased. Other TCM approaches to herpes are outlined in a table.

2. Panf J, Li Y, Huang B, Zhou Y, Han Z, Richardson F. Clinical applications of the Zulingi acupuncture point. Acupuncture Med. 1999;17:93-96.
GB 41 has many uses. Cases presented include metatarsal fracture, bruised finger, headache in the gallbladder meridian pattern, pain in the chest and abdomen, and herpes zoster.

3. Jongbae P, White A, Lee H, Ernst E. Development of a new sham needle. Acupuncture Med. 1999;17:110-112.
The apparatus described is a blunt needle with a shaft that telescopes into the handle when tapped. It appears to be inserted but does not enter the skin. A guide tube enfolds it with a basal ring secured to the skin with double-sided tape. In this study, 22% of volunteers experienced a dull sensation vs 57% with a real needle. The initial trial found that all subjects believed they received real acupuncture.

4. Campbell A. Acupuncture: where to place the needles and for how long. Acupuncture Med. 1999;17:113-117.
Nothing yet shows that one method of acupuncture is assuredly better than the rest. Most good-quality trials indicate a 70% response rate, regardless of the approach.
The evidence for point specificity is still "thin," except possibly PC (MH) 6. Segmental acupuncture is based on myotomes, sclerotomes, and viscerotomes. The idea is appealing, but the segments have great interpersonal variation. Gunn's radiculopathy approach, looking for palpable muscle bands, is another method. Many TCM points correlate with trigger points, helping to unite these views. The author proposes a "theory-neutral" practice. Some people will respond no matter where needled (DNIC phenomenon). There is a generalized stimulation effect from acupuncture where general well-being feels enhanced. Certain sites such as LR 3 are especially effective. The area of effective needling can vary, being large (several centimeters) in some and very specific in others. Good points are not always tender of TrP-like. Needling some areas often radiates therapeutically to other sites. The author proposes a new treatment terminology, the ATA (acupuncture treatment area). As examples, he sites the infratemporal fossa for trigeminal neuralgia, lower abdomen for gastrointestinal disorders, gluteal region behind the greater trochanter for sciatica, and the cervical articular area for many upper body disorders including carpal tunnel syndrome. The author questions how long to needle, noting the commonly accepted 20-minute treatment. Often 1 or 2 minutes is just as adequate, takes less time, and saves secondary treatment expense and office space. The needles must be manipulated for best effect, but prolonged installation runs the risk of adverse reactions in strong reactors. Periosteal needling should especially be measured in seconds unless the patient is accustomed to acupuncture.

5. Ralt D. Qi, information and the net of life. Acupuncture Med. 1999;17:131-133.
A non-linear, fractal approach similar to chaos theory might help understand Qi. Qi is intercellular information communication throughout the body. Qi, some say, can be felt, but not measured. It enables all body functions by communicating directions and regulating. The Western view of the rational and mechanistic universe has been challenged by chaos theory. Factors similar in Chinese philosophy and chaos theory include determination by perspective and relationships instead of cause and effect, the fractal nature (Yin-Yang, Five Phases) of the system instead of linear study of parts, and systems sensitive to even a variety of minor inputs. A quote from Lao Tse is given: "The world is ruled by letting things take their course. It cannot be ruled by interfering."
Comment: References in this philosophical article are, interestingly, all Internet sites.

6. Wei H, Chung-long Huang L, Kong J. The substrate and properties of meridians:
a review of modern research. Acupuncture Med. 1999;17:134-139.

There might be no single answer to the concept of meridians; different explanations are likely for different meridians. Propagated sensation along meridians seems the most
useful exploratory tool to date. Physical transmission seems to occur generally through the interstitial space along neurovascular bundles, possibly involving ionic movement and neurotransmitters. Meridian structure might be orderly arrangement of normal tissues along lines without special histology. Findings pertinent to meridians include more cell gap junctions along some meridian lines in rats; 323 of 324 acupoints involve either spinal or cranial nerves. Innervation of chest and abdomen acupoints arise from the same nerve roots as those innervating corresponding viscera. In a study of 295 acu- points, autonomic nerves had a close relationship to peripheral vessels. Sensitive subjects can trace a sensation traveling up a meridian from a needled acupoint. Laser Doppler flow at LU 11 increased 60% after needling LU 5. Surface anatomy of lymphatics and meridians is similar. Myoelectricity could be recorded at other sites on a meridian when a point was needled or QiGong practiced. Fluid pressures in the spaces underlying meridians is lower than in surrounding tissues. Radiotracer technetium flows along meridians. Propagated sensation could be felt by 50% of subjects when Jing points had both acupuncture and moxibustion. Transmission could be blocked in most by pressure over a meridian, but not by pressure on the skin near it. Significant cholinesterase is found at acupoints and acetylcholine enhances propagated sensation. Ionic calcium activity is higher at acupoints than in surrounding tissue, and concentration changes after acupuncture. Sound, especially at 20-40 Hz, seemed to transmit better along meridians in 10,000 human and more than 350 rabbit recordings. Tissue oxygen
pressure and carbon dioxide output was higher at acupoints in the deep tissues. Except for PC (MH) points, electric potential at acupoints was higher in 35 of 50 healthy
subjects in one study. There appears to be a heavy concentration of nerves, vessels, and active substances along meridians, and metabolic activity is higher.

7. Fu WB. Clinical study of the Siguan (four gate) points with case studies. Am J Acupuncture. 1991;19:121-124.

Pain syndromes, both hot and cold, can be stopped by opening the Four Gates (LR 3,
LI 4). An ancient text states Taichong (LR 3) can cure mania, epilepsy, throat problems, walking difficulty, blurred vision, and lumbago. The Four Gates work for hand and shoulder pain, nasal problems, hypertension, headaches, hiccups, renal colic, stroke, and impotence, among other things. Three cases are presented including a woman with severe vertigo, hypertension, and shortness of breath. The Four Gates and PC 6 were needled, producing immediate relief.

8. Auger N. Translated selections from Zhenjiu Dacheng: treatment of women's diseases, treatment of children's diseases, and pediatric method of examination of the facies and complexion. Am J Acupuncture. 1991;19:125-128.

A translation of the 1590 text is given, listing points for many specific disorders as well as the recommended analysis of the pediatric patient.

9. Royal FF, Royal DF. A review of the history and scientific basis of electrodiagnosis and its relationship to homeopathy and acupuncture. Am J Acupuncture. 1991;19:137-152.
Descarte and Bacon (16th-17th centuries) began the subjective-objective duality separating mind and body and dividing science into separate compartmented fields without a uniting view. Since then, medicine has tended to create a more ordered environment, increasingly reductionistic and profit-oriented. Everything in nature is a unique transformation of electromagnetic energy, and newer physical laws related to chaos demand a more unified approach as simple systems cause complex behavior, and complex systems simple behavior. Non-linear science supports a basis for bioenergy medicine including acupuncture, homeopathy, and electrodiagnosis including electroacupuncture, according to Reinhard Voll. Due to charlatan practices, the Flexnor report in 1910 swept out good elements as well as bad (22 homeopathy schools vanished). The oscilloclast of Abrams and Emanometer of Boyd, 2 early
electrodiagnostic instruments, were deleted from medicine. These and later instruments, with the possible exclusion of Motoyama's device, use the operator in the loop. Jahn considered the intent of the operator to be a primary variable. Nakatani used a 12-V DC device to test conductance of "Ryodoraku" acupuncture-like points. Voll and Werner designed the Dermatron (EAV) to verify and correlate acupoints with their organs and systems. Voll found subtle changes in resistance when homeopathic doses entered the circuit, allowing diagnosis and treatment of disorders with its guidance. Shimmel developed the Vegatest in 1978 as a "bioenergy regulatory technique." If proponents are correct, such bioenergetic devices identify imbalances in body Em circuits and aid selection of treatments. Some believe faster, cheaper, and more accurate diagnoses are feasible. Skin resistance at acupoints is 4 to 40 times less than that at other points. Solitons, non-linear waves, result from interactions of sine waves in nature. A minute input such as a homeopathic dose can give energy accumulation and "memory." Such waves transport information in many systems and might prove to be the source of Qi or Hahnemann's "Vital Force." Examples of research supporting homeopathy are given with early researchers demonstrating positive results given intense negative pressure from their peers. Co-evolution of micro and macro scales (fractals) has emerged. Genes contain DNA able to use information via electromuscular feedback loops with the environment to allow an organism to change for survival from generation to generation. Resonance and harmony of DNA and messages are important. Homeopathy likely works when the frequencies of the medicine harmonically resonate with those in the cell. Large changes can result from minute inputs if a substance is in Em resonance with body cells. Examples are given. Studies with the Dermatron in diagnosis are noted. Treating and diagnosing illness with bioelectric devices will only be accepted by the Food and Drug Administration when they can be explained by rules determined by the current scientific authorities' accepted paradigm. Experts are needed with more training in newer biophysics, including quantum chaos theory.

10. Guillame G. Why Western protocols are unsuitable for assessing the effects of acupuncture: the need for an evaluative methodology specific to the investigation of acupuncture. Am J Acupuncture. 1999;19: 153-156.
Western-oriented research prefers to standardize protocols and points used, rather
than individualize, leading to failures. Symptoms are the center rather than the pattern of the patient's condition, again lessening the results. External factors, such as
cold-damp, that play a role in the acupuncture approach are not often considered by Western medicine. Cases are given to illustrate the author's points. Different energetic pathogenic mechanisms can lead to the same diagnosis in Western medicine, but
dictate different acupuncture approaches. This makes a standard research approach difficult and liable to demonstrate falsely negative data. An evaluation method is needed that can preserve the specificity of established acupuncture theory.

11. Dale RA. Acupoint exercises for the sense of touch. Am J Acupuncture. 1991;19:157-172.
Smell and taste can be dulled by toxins in air and water. Intuition is neglected in our society, but touch is the most abused and abusive of the senses and the heart of humanity. Deprived of touching, infants become neurotic, and our capacity for love and joy diminish. Repressed touch is Yin pathology and hostile touch Yang pathology. Touch by parents is too often with violence or threat. Even sexual touching can be coercive rather than an act of love. Healthy touching generates compassion, sharing, and empathy; it is a right brain function. Modern medicine does not cultivate heartfelt sharing and touching the patient. Physician objectivity, self-protection, and protection of the patient from personal physician involvement appear to predominate. The relationship of acupoints for touch, emotions, and Five Phases are given in tables. Touch is the only sense related to all 5. All cultures have developed systems of therapeutic touch and massage for healing. Nine exercises are outlined to enhance ability to use touch.
Right brain engagement, Qi Gong aura opening and sealing, therapeutic touch, meridian tracing moving the hands in the direction of energy flow, massaging the scalp sensory line, the scalp point circle for release of emotional armoring (GV14 to Yintang), and touching through the Five Phases are included.

12. Van Benschoten MM. A critical investigation of electrodiagnostic instrumentation using Omura's bidigital O-ring test. Am J Acupuncture. 1991; 19:237-240.
This article discusses Nakatani's Ryodoraku, Voll's Dermatron, Shimmel's Vegatest, and several US electromeasure devices. The author's working hypothesis is a projection of the patient's bioinformation via brain waves into the frontal cortex of the examiner, and this interaction can somehow affect the results from the instruments. He feels the DC voltage levels of existing devices are too high and cause an interference field. An instrument must be designed with DC input voltage below 180 mV to prevent distorting the patient's biofields.
Comment: The O-ring test as presented in many articles has a large following, but the many uses and approaches boggle the Western-trained mind. Attitudes vary from wondrous, simple, cheap testing of the bioelectromagnetic energy fields telling us
all about disorders, to voodoo of the most uncommon sort.

REVIEWED BY
Dr Russell Erickson is retired from private practice in Berkeley, California. He is also retired from Kaiser-Permanente Hospital in Richmond, California where he was Senior Consultant and former Chief of Pediatrics. Dr Erickson is Secretary of the Board of the Medical Acupuncture Research Foundation (MARF).
Russell J. Erickson, MD
10 Ridge Place
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Phone: 925-229-0889 o Fax: 925-228-4976
E-mail: Russpat@netvista.net

 

     
     

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